The T-1000 effects in "Terminator 2: Judgment Day" represented a groundbreaking fusion of practical effects and cutting-edge computer-generated imagery (CGI) for the time. Here's a breakdown of the techniques used to bring the T-1000 to life: 1. **Advanced CGI:** The T-1000's liquid metal form was crafted using then state-of-the-art CGI. The production team at Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) created the effect using a combination of complex algorithms and digital animation. They used a software called "MORPH" to transition smoothly between shapes and scenes, which allowed for the manipulation of the T-1000's shape, reflections, and refractions in a way that was convincing and fluid. 2. **Practical Effects:** Not all T-1000 effects were CGI. Practical effects, including costuming and makeup, played a significant role. For example, when the character was shot and holes appeared in its body, this was often achieved on-set using prosthetics and clever makeup techniques. 3. **Live-action Elements:** For some scenes, actor Robert Patrick would perform in front of a blue screen so that the CGI effects could be added around him. This blend of real actor footage and CGI was crucial for maintaining realism. 4. **3D Modeling:** ILM artists hand-sculpted a detailed model of Robert Patrick's head and were then digitized into a 3D computer model. This allowed them to create realistic head transformations and other effects that involved the T-1000's face and head changing shape or being damaged. 5. **Morphing Technology:** At the heart of the T-1000 effects was pioneering morphing technology, which allowed for smooth transitions between two or more images. This technique was used to crucial effect in scenes where the character morphed from one form to another. 6. **Advanced Compositing:** To combine the CGI T-1000 with live-action footage, advanced compositing techniques were used. This involved layering different visual elements over each other and blending them seamlessly so that the CG and real elements appeared to occupy the same space. The T-1000 was a milestone in visual effects and is still referenced today as an example of early CGI done right. It was the success of these effects that not only helped "Terminator 2" win an Oscar for Best Visual Effects but also paved the way for the use of CGI in movies going forward. The film's director, James Cameron, had a vision for the T-1000 that pushed the boundaries of available technology, prompting ILM to innovate and create the memorable effects that made the character so iconic.